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🚀 Mastering OOP & SOLID in C#

Want to write clean, scalable, and maintainable C# code ? Let’s break down the OOP fundamentals and the SOLID design principles — with real-world examples, explanations, and code snippets you can copy-paste into your next project. 📚 Table of Contents 🎯 OOP fundamentals 🔒 Encapsulation 🎭 Abstraction 🧬 Inheritance 🔄 Polymorphism 🏗️ SOLID principles S — Single Responsibility Principle O — Open/Closed Principle L — Liskov Substitution Principle I — Interface Segregation Principle D — Dependency Inversion Principle 🛒 Mini e-commerce scenario (tying everything together) 💡 Next steps (make it runnable!) 🎯 1. OOP Fundamentals 🔒 Encapsulation — protect your object’s state 👉 Idea: Don’t let anyone mess with your object’s internals. Provide safe, controlled methods. Use-case: An Order should manage its own items and discounts. public class Order { private readonly List<OrderItem> _items = new(); private decimal _discountPercent; publ...
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🚀 Short Notes on Azure Entra Authentication (Azure AD)

Azure Entra ID (formerly Azure Active Directory) is Microsoft’s cloud-based identity and access management (IAM) service. It helps secure apps, APIs, and services by managing authentication (who you are) and authorization (what you can do) . 🔹 1. Key Concepts Tenant : A dedicated instance of Entra ID for your organization. App Registration : Register apps to integrate with Entra ID for authentication. Authentication : Verifying user or service identity (via username, password, certificate, token). Authorization : Granting permissions (roles/scopes) after authentication. Tokens : ID Token → User identity (used in login). Access Token → Grants access to APIs. Refresh Token → Get new tokens without logging in again. 🔹 2. Authentication Flows Authorization Code Flow (with PKCE) – Secure for web & mobile apps. Client Credentials Flow – Service-to-service authentication (no user). Device Code Flow – Used on devices without browsers (IoT, CLI). Implicit Flo...

🌍 Azure Cosmos DB (Interview Guide)

  🟢 What is Azure Cosmos DB? A globally distributed, multi-model, NoSQL database service . Designed for low latency, high availability, and global scalability . Supports multiple APIs: SQL (Core), MongoDB, Cassandra, Gremlin (Graph), Table API . 👉 Think of it as a database that automatically scales across the globe . 🟢 Key Concepts Account → Database → Container → Items Partition Key → spreads data evenly across physical partitions. Request Units (RUs) → performance currency (every operation consumes RUs). Consistency Levels → trade-off between performance and accuracy: Strong, Bounded Staleness, Session, Consistent Prefix, Eventual. Change Feed → stream of inserts/updates in order. 🟢 Partition Key (Most Asked in Interviews) Good partition key : high cardinality, evenly distributes load. Bad partition key : low cardinality (e.g., true/false, country code). Can use synthetic keys (e.g., CustomerId + Date ). 👉 Interviewers love to ask: “What happe...

📊 Azure Application Insights & Azure Monitor (Interview Guide)

🟢 Azure Monitor ✅ What is it? A unified monitoring service in Azure for metrics, logs, and alerts. Collects data from apps, VMs, containers, databases, storage, networking, etc. Acts as the foundation for observability in Azure. 👉 Think of Azure Monitor as the big umbrella → it collects & stores monitoring data. ✅ Key Components Metrics → numerical time-series data (CPU %, memory, requests/sec). Logs → detailed event & diagnostic data (stored in Log Analytics). Alerts → notifications when thresholds are crossed. Dashboards → visualize metrics/logs. Workbooks → custom interactive reports. 🟢 Azure Application Insights (App Insights) ✅ What is it? An APM (Application Performance Monitoring) service under Azure Monitor. Monitors application performance, failures, requests, dependencies, and usage . Works with .NET, Java, Node.js, Python, and front-end JS apps . 👉 Think of App Insights as the “inside view” of your app , while Azure Monitor is t...

📩 Azure Service Bus & Azure Event Hub (Interview Guide)

🟢 Azure Service Bus ✅ What is it? A fully managed enterprise message broker . Used for asynchronous communication between apps and services. Ensures reliable delivery, ordering, and advanced messaging patterns. 👉 Think of it as a postal service → messages are sent, stored, and delivered reliably. ✅ Key Features Queues → Point-to-point messaging (1 sender → 1 receiver). Topics & Subscriptions → Publish/Subscribe model (1 sender → many receivers). Sessions → Ordered message processing (FIFO). Dead-letter Queue (DLQ) → Stores undeliverable messages. Duplicate Detection → Avoid processing the same message twice. Scheduled Delivery & Deferral → Send messages to be delivered later. ✅ Example Use Cases Order processing systems. Background job processing. Microservices communication. 🟢 Azure Event Hub ✅ What is it? A big data streaming platform and event ingestion service . Designed to handle millions of events per second . Best for real-time ana...

☁️ Azure Storage Short Notes

🟢 What is Azure Storage? A cloud-based storage service for storing different types of data: Unstructured (images, videos, docs). Semi-structured (JSON, logs). Structured (tables). Highly available, durable (replicated), and scalable. 👉 Think of it as different storage buckets under one umbrella. 🟢 Core Azure Storage Services Blob Storage → store unstructured data (images, docs, backups, logs). Access tiers: Hot, Cool, Archive (cost vs. access trade-off). Supports large file uploads (up to TBs). Use cases: CDN, backups, static website hosting. Table Storage → NoSQL key-value store. Schemaless → good for semi-structured data. Use cases: metadata, logs, user profile storage. Queue Storage → message queuing for async communication. Simple producer-consumer pattern . Use cases: background jobs, task scheduling. Max message size: 64 KB. File Storage (Azure Files) → fully managed SMB file shares in the cloud. Mountable by Windows, Linux, macO...

☁️ Azure Key vault Short Notes

🟢 What is Azure Key Vault? A cloud service for securely storing and accessing secrets, keys, and certificates . Removes the need to keep secrets (like connection strings, passwords, API keys) inside code or config files. Provides centralized secret management, encryption, and access control . 👉 Think of it like a secure password manager but for your applications. 🟢 Key Features Secrets → store text values (e.g., DB connection string, API key). Keys → store cryptographic keys (RSA, EC) for encryption, signing. Certificates → store/manage SSL/TLS certificates. Access Control → Access Policies (older model). Azure RBAC (modern, preferred). Integration → works with App Service, Functions, AKS, VMs, SQL DB, etc. Logging → audit who accessed secrets via Azure Monitor / Diagnostic Logs. 🟢 Why Use Key Vault? Security → secrets are encrypted with HSM (Hardware Security Modules). Compliance → meet industry standards (PCI-DSS, ISO, GDPR). Automation → aut...